[3.14] gh-156204: Guard recursion in `PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches` (GH-156205) (GH-158623)

(cherry picked from commit 20d5e67fc51eee8cbf7e38d75830e5edd140d37e)

Co-authored-by: Bhuvansh <bhuvanshkataria@gmail.com>
5 files changed